Apart from the 1971 Indo-Pakistan war, the SFF was also reported to have been used in combating communal riots in the mid-1970s, as well as in the counter-insurgency Operation Blue Star in the Golden Temple in 1984, and the Kargil War of 1999. They lost 56 men and nearly 190 were injured. The SFF were under the command of General Sujan Singh Uban, who commanded the 22nd Mountain Division in Europe during World War II – the reason why the SFF is also known as “Establishment 22”. Could anti-vaxxers hinder vaccination efforts? Special Frontier Force – All You Need To Know. After Pakistan surrendered thirteen days later to India and Bangladesh won independence, the Tibetans were largely forgotten. There are several other operations that SFF took part in but the details of that are classified. Ethnic Tibetans have been a part and parcel of the modern Indian Army for as long as it has existed. In November 1962, BN Mullick, then director of the Intelligence Bureau (IB) along with the CIA agreed to cooperate on multiple secret paramilitary programs. The incident took place between Black Top and Thakung Heights at Pangong Tso’s south bank where India thwarted China incursion. I will take a two way approach to answer this question : Firstly how to join the SFF and next what kind of operations SFF are involved in ? The Indian officers of the SFF received gallantry awards, but none from the SFF were honoured with medals – instead they were given cash since it was supposed to be an unofficial mission. Today, Insights is synonymous with UPSC civil services exam preparation. In 1971 an opportunity did arise, but bullets were to be fired against Pakistan, not China. administrative and logistical). This site uses cookies. However, the opportunity to fight China never came. Three Tibetan columns, comprising 3,000 soldiers, were each commanded by a Tibetan Political Leader and an Indian Colonel, for a covert mission called Operation Eagle against the Pakistan army. It was originally raised in the aftermath of the 1962 Sino-Indian war as a special force for covert operations behind Chinese lines in the event of another war with China. For China, India’s harbouring of the Dalai Lama and the exiled Tibetan government following the 1959 Tibetan uprising was intolerable. Paying respect to Officer Coy Ldr Nyima Tenzin of Vikas Regiment of Special Frontier Force, Indian Army who martyred on Aug 30 defending India against intruding Chinese PLA near Pangong Tso, India. He offered 33 yrs of service.#tibetansforindia #indotibetanborder #tibetanarmy pic.twitter.com/1ByKwLPDkx. There have been reports that a Special Frontier Force (SFF) unit, referred to as Vikas Battalion, has been instrumental in occupying some key heights on the Line of Actual Control (LAC) with China in Ladakh to thwart any occupation by the Chinese troops. How China and India assert military dominance through Nepal, Indian Army's Yeti 'footprint' pictures spark online storm, How Kashmiri families identify the mutilated bodies of fallen rebels. Days later, it was revealed that one SFF commando was killed and another was injured in a landmine blast that occurred near Pangong Tso, around the same time the clash occurred. Prime Minister Indira Gandhi was believed to have credited the SFF in private correspondences with soldiers. “Modeled on the Kennedy-era Green Berets, the unit is rumored to contain about ten thousand soldiers…”(Rehman, 2017). US arms were now replaced with Bulgarian AK-47s. But as tensions mount on both banks of the Pangong Tso lake, the SFF’s role in the current Sino-Indian standoff might be far from over. Central Armed Police Forces A memorial in Chakrata was built to the victims of 1971 and other operations till date. At the time of Indian independence, the Northern Hills of India remained the most isolated and strategic… The Special Frontier Force also known as Vikas Regiment aka Establishment 22 is India’s Elite Special forces unit which mainly focuses its operations against the Chinese Action.The Special Frontier Force is not a part of Indian Army but they function under the operational control of Army. By the time India declared war against Pakistan on December 3, 1971, the 3,000 Tibetan regiment had already caused enough damage to Pakistan’s military stronghold in Chittagong, which was an important naval port base for Pakistani reinforcements. Subscribe to our Youtube channel for all latest in-depth, on the ground reporting from around the world. What are the origins of this mysterious guerilla faction under command of the Indian Army? The SFF is based in Chakrata, Uttarakhand, and its insignia is a snow lion. The SFF base was in the hilly town of Chakrata, in the northern Indian state of Uttarakhand, which was home to a large Tibetan refugee population. SFF was raised in the immediate aftermath of the 1962 Sino-India war. The SFF came to be known as 'Establishment 22' due to its first Inspector General, Major… For Tibetans, the SFF was an opportunity to maintain a legitimate military unit against China in its ongoing struggle for independence. Based in Chakrata, Uttarakhand, SFF is also known as the Establishment 22. Get Special Frontier Force salaries by experience, location and roles. Other significant roles lay in reconnaissance, providing essential intelligence from close to or among the enemy, and increasingly in combating irregular forces, their infrastructure and activities. Tibet has always been at the heart of Sino-Indian tensions. The Special Frontier Force had its origins in the disaster of the 1962 war with China and in fact shares its birthday with the prime minister at that time, Jawaharlal Nehru. While officially not part of the Indian Army, it functions under its operational control with its own rank structure and training infrastructure. Independent formations of Tibetan (including Ladakhi, Bön, and Sikkimese) units were to patrol and police the lands they were native to. While there is no official confirmation from the Indian government, according to multiple official sources, the Special Frontier Forces (SFF) – a covert paramilitary unit consisting mainly of Tibetan refugees – is believed to have played a major role in what the Indian Army called an operation to “thwart Chinese intentions” on the night of August 29. Know how much salary do Special Frontier Force employees earn. Special forces have played an important role throughout the history of warfare whenever the aim has been to achieve disruption by "hit and run" and sabotage, rather than more traditional conventional army combat. The DGS is now part of India’s external intelligence agency, the Research and Analysis Wing (RAW). What is the Special Frontier Force (SFF)? Doctrinally, the SFF was inspired by the US Army Special Forces, with the Green Berets’ inclination for special warfare and operations deep behind enemy lines. After Saturday night’s encounter, the clandestine unit has been thrust into public spotlight, and with it, the Tibetan community in India. Shrouded in secrecy, openly acknowledging the SFF would amount to admission that India was effectively employing foreign mercenaries in its army. The first of these was a guerilla force made up of Tibetan recruits capable of operating at high-altitude terrain along the border in the event of future Chinese hostility. The SFF then began training Bengali fighters; Pakistan was an ally of the US and there would be no assistance from Washington. By 1964, the SFF was deployed for the first time on India’s border with Tibet. Early on, the CIA provided light weapons like M-1 and M-2 submachine guns, and instructed the group in guerrilla warfare tactics. A picture is worth a thousand words. It was a covert outfit which recruited Tibetans (now it has a mixture of Tibetans and Gorkhas) and initially went by the name of Establishment 22. The SFF was raised by the Intelligence Bureau in the immediate aftermath of the 1962 China-India war. It was for the first time that many heard about the SFF, when the unit thwarted the Chinese military's attempt to change status quo on the south bank of Pangong Tso region.. Its main goal was to conduct covert operations behind Chinese lines in the event of another Indo-China war. SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE PAYS TRIBUTE TO INDIAN ARMED FORCES ON VIJAY DIWAS On behalf of Special Frontier Force, I join the nation to pay tribute to members and families of Indian Armed Forces to honor the soldiers who lost their lives in the 1971 India-Pakistan War. Why in News? Topics Covered: Various Security forces and agencies and their mandate. For most people in India, the Special Frontier Force (SFF) came an educational experience earlier this week. What is the Special Frontier Force (SFF)? It was this prospect that lured many Tibetans into joining the SFF. Marine Reacts to the Special Frontier Force (SFF). 22 or Special… A special unit of Special Frontier Force from Uttarakhand have been deployed at Eastern Ladakh to gather reports pertaining to movements about Chinese People’s Liberation Army troop and subsequently thwart it. The force and is headed by a Major General rank Army officer, who serves as Inspector General of the SFF. India's Special Frontier forces recruits mostly Tibetan refugees, hundreds of thousands of whom have made India their home since the Dalai Lama fled Tibet over Chinese oppression in 1959. Before India officially declared war, under the cover of Indian-sponsored militias – the Mukti Bahini – the SFF would eventually deploy their guerrilla training skills in the marshy and rugged terrain of the Chittagong Hill Tracts in late October, 1971. There have been reports that a Special Frontier Force (SFF) unit, referred to as Vikas Battalion, has been instrumental in occupying some key heights on the Line of Actual Control (LAC) with China in Ladakh to thwart any occupation by the Chinese troops.. What is the Special Frontier Force (SFF)? The Special Frontier Force (SFF) is a paramilitary special force of India created on 14 November 1962. Units that comprise the SFF are known as the Vikas battalions. Tibetan Special Frontier Force (SFF) soldiers sang a patriotic song for India at Eastern Ladakh, in which they said that they will take revenge for China's actions at the Galwan Valley. The first Inspector General of the SFF was a retired Indian Army Major General who was known for his unconventional thinking. In the midst of the Cold War, the US was also wary of China’s rising influence in the Asian theatre. Follow us on Instagram. Chinese strategist Jiang Ziya, in his Six Secret Teachings, describes recruiting talented and highly moti… Special Frontier Force. Although originally established with a strength 12,000 personnel, this quickly swelled to 20,000 by 1970 but was subsequently reduced to 10,000 (Sanyal, 2009). Social media is abuzz about the Special Frontier Force (SFF) or Vikas Battalion which played an important role in occupying some heights in the recent clashes along the LAC with China. SFF is a special force of India created on 14 November 1962. This meant these Pakistani forces couldn't help hold back India's main access of advance ah to Dhaka. International opinion was sympathetic to East Pakistan. The special frontier force succeeded in destroying several key bridges and hiring Pakistan's entire ninety seven independent brigade and crack two commando Italian. Special Frontier Force soldier Nyima Tenzin’s funeral ceremony was the first acknowledgement of the role played by Tibetans in India’s elite SFF border units india Updated: Oct 19, 2020, 10:55 IST The Special Frontier Force is a covert paramilitary special force which operates under India's external intelligence agency R&AW and reports directly to the Cabinet Secretariat. By late 1963, Mullick organised the Tibetans into various battalions, and ranks were introduced. For Tibetans, the SFF has been a source of employment but the relative secrecy over the battalion has robbed them of recognition for their service and how instrumental they have been in reconnaissance missions for the Indian Army over the decades. Insights has redefined the way preparation is done in UPSC civil service exam, Nanda Ashirwad Complex, 3rd Floor, While there is no official confirmation from the Indian government, according to multiple official sources, the Special Frontier Forces (SFF) – a covert paramilitary unit consisting mainly of Tibetan refugees – is believed to have played a major role in what the Indian Army called an operation to “thwart Chinese intentions” on the night of August 29. More recently due to recruitment lags it isn’t 100 percent Tibetan, as Nepali Gurkhas and hill tribesmen have swollen their ranks over the years. In a short period with recruits drawn from the pool of Tibetan refugees in India, the SFF had around 6,000 – 7,000 in its ranks. Tenzin, his family told the BBC, had been a member of the Special Frontier Force (SFF), a covert military unit largely comprising Tibetan refugees. The plan hatched by the CIA and the Indian Army was to train recruits for six months in mountain warfare, sabotage and demolition, and then move them into Tibet to fight the Chinese. india china tension special frontier force plays a vital role on line of actual control along with china know the details of indian secret force abk वीडियो पूर्वी लद्दाख में चीन को सबक सिखाने वाले स्पेशल फ्रंटियर फोर्स को कितना जानते हैं आप? The unit is “Commanded by IA [Indian Army] officers on speci… Explained: the signing of historic Turkey-UK free trade deal. There have been reports that a Special Frontier Force (SFF) unit, referred to as Vikas Battalion, has been instrumental in occupying some key heights on the LAC. For India, the People's Liberation Army’s (PLA) annexation of the mountain territory in 1951 was a loss of its historic buffer zone. Their exploits earned them the title “Phantoms of Chittagong”. The covert outfit recruited Tibetan exiles (now it has a mixture of Tibetans and Gorkhas) and was initially named Establishment 22 (Major Gen Sujan Singh Uban, an Artillery officer who raised the group, named it after the 22 Mountain Regiment he … Above Village Hyper Market, Chandralyout Main Road, As well as the traditional leadership and staff officer roles identified above, the SFF contain personnel in enabler, supporter and other roles (e.g. The exact strength of the force right now could not be determined. Its main goal originally was to conduct covert operations behind Chinese lines in the event of another Sino-Indian War. By continuing to browse the site you are agreeing to our use of cookies. SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE - THE PROBLEM OF ESPIONAGE: Special Frontier Force-The Problem of Espionage: The Chinese military philosopher in a military treatise known as PING-FA(The Art of War) written c. 400 BC mentions the use of secret agents and the importance of good intelligence. There remains debate over whether this force has preserved its elite status and its original mandate. After Sheikh Mujibur Rahman of the Awami League swept elections in East Pakistan in December 1970, West Pakistan feared civil war and its army began to crack down heavily, killing tens of thousands of Bengalis as millions of refugees poured into India. Rumored to be 10,000 strong, the current state of the SFF is difficult to ascertain given how extraordinarily sensitive their operational mandate is in the event of any Sino-Indian confrontation. For decades, New Delhi has stayed silent about the existence of the SFF, which forms part of the Directorate General of Security (DGS) and under the Cabinet Secretariat. The decision to form an all-Tibetan armed unit was made on November 14, 1962, as the Chinese … Special Frontier Force. Special Frontier Force The Special Frontier Force is a paramilitary special force of India created on 14 November 1962. As tensions on the Himalayan border along the Line of Actual Control (LAC) between India and China reached another flashpoint last weekend, an Indian special operations squad is reported to have been involved in a counter offensive against Chinese efforts to alter the status quo near the Pangong Tso lake in the region of Ladakh. Following India’s defeat in the 1962 border war against China, Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru made a decision to aid insurgency movements within Tibet and to arm India’s sizable Tibetan refugee community, which numbered close to 80,000. The SFF also includes women recruits and officers. Chushi Gangdruk, the Tibetan guerrilla movement that had been fighting the Chinese in Tibet since 1956, was active at the time and many of the organisation’s leaders were contacted for the SFF recruitment drive. SFF was raised in the immediate aftermath of the 1962 Sino-India war. Try this question for mains: Q.“It cannot be business as usual with China after the border clash.” Critically comment. Enter your email address to subscribe to this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. Special Frontier Force, created in 1962 as a most covert and elite Special Force unit as the armed wing of RAW to conduct covert operations behind the Chinese Lines in the event of another Sino-Indian War, inducted 500 female in 1972 for the first time in medical, signals and clerical roles. 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Until the 1962 Sino-Indian border war, Chinese intelligence remained convinced that India was attempting to fuel unrest across the Tibetan plateau. The Special Frontier Force (SFF) is a paramilitary unit of India.It was conceived in the post Sino-Indian war period as a guerrilla force composed mainly of Tibetan refugees whose main goal was to conduct covert operations behind Chinese lines in case of another war between the People's Republic of China and India. Netanyahu's 'biblical prophecy' comment is aimed at diaspora Jews, Show people, places and other topics in this story. But the ranks were uniquely non-military, and Tibetan commanders were instead given the title of “Political Leader”. It reportedly has about 3,500 soldiers. China firmly backed Pakistan. Special Frontier Force-The Problem of Espionage: Establishment No. Find average Special Frontier Force salaries shared by 1 employees. During the time of the Great Game, the British Indian Army began to employ Tibetans as spies, intelligence agents, and even covert militia in northern India and Tibet proper. Will Saudi Crown Prince MBS hunt Pakistan's endangered houbara bustard? How to join SFF : To be a part of SFF , you have to be either a Para SF Officer or a Tibetan. Rudranarasimham Rebbapragada SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE Vijay Diwas: Nirmala Sitharaman,… Special Frontier Force has been involved in several covert operations including the 1971 war, Operation Blue Star in Golden Temple Amritsar, Kargil conflict, and in counter-insurgency operations in the country. Of Chittagong ” been a part and parcel of the 1962 Sino-Indian border war, Chinese remained! Guerilla faction under command of the Force right now could not be business usual.: Q. “ it can not be determined now could not be determined historic. Were uniquely non-military, and its insignia is a snow lion in destroying several bridges... 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